beethoven's immortal beloved

Goldschmidt (1980, p. 15), "Nur im Negieren ist man in der Lage, zu eindeutigen Schlüssen zu gelangen: weder Giulietta Guicciardi noch Amalie Sebald oder Bettina Brentano können in Frage kommen, und nicht einmal Therese Brunsvik, die für eine lange Zeit ernsthaft als die Empfängerin des berühmten Liebesbriefess galt. Experts have a collection of letters written by Beethoven, that was undelivered having the subject – “To The Immortal Beloved”. "Beethoven! "[52] The background to this: "In November 1811, we see Beethoven writing a newly composed song with the heading 'An die Geliebte' [To the Beloved] into the album of the Bavarian Court singer Regina Lang. Gary Oldman, Jeroen Krabbe, Isabella Rossellini and Valeria Golino star in IMMORTAL BELOVED, a mesmerizing mystery based on the tumultuous real life of Ludwig van Beethoven. Singer Amalie Sebald matches the timeline and location of the letter, which was written while Beethoven was on a physician-ordered medical retreat in the Bohemian spa town of Teplitz, now Teplice. 21.) The two candidates favored by most contemporary scholars are Antonie Brentano[5] and Josephine Brunsvik. "[55] and: "In order to possibly verify the Antonia-Hypothesis with its inherent factual contradictions once and forever, it is necessary to falsify the other hypotheses that have been offered. Ever mine. [40], Again Therese on Beethoven: "How unhappy, with such intellectual talent. A picture of Brentano, originally thought to depict Anna Marie Erdödy, was found in the drawer with the “Beloved” letter. And regarding Karlsbad: "It is possible that the letter arose from a ... meeting with a woman who informed Beethoven that she was going to Karlsbad and then failed to carry out her declared intention." ), "L'hypothèse d'Antonia Brentano est à la fois séduisante et absurde." The ill-matched couple quarreled and quickly separated, prompting Teréz Brunsvik to write cryptically in her journal that Josephine would have been better off with Beethoven. Walden, Edward (2002): "Beethoven's 'Immortal Beloved': Arguments in Support of the Candidacy of Bettina Brentano". © 2021 Biography and the Biography logo are registered trademarks of A&E Television Networks, LLC. London: Faber & Faber 2014. "[34], Riezler (1962, p. 46), still very much a "standard" German biography of Beethoven, followed Kaznelson regarding Josephine being his "only love", likewise Dahlhaus (1991, p. 247) who concluded that "internal evidence" points to Josephine. ", Pulkert, Oldrich (2000): "Beethoven's Unsterbliche Geliebte." (Goldschmidt 1980). Scholars have since this time been divided on the intended recipient of the Immortal Beloved letter. For a transcription of the German original, an English translation and helpful historical context, see, The letter's signature is "Mus. Eine Biographie [Beethoven: The Lonely Revolutionary. Tantalizing is the assumption, because, Absurd, they argue, is the assumption because of. "Beethovens heilige Hände …[,] den ich tief verehre, er wandelt göttlich under den Sterblichen, sein höheren Standpunkt gegen die niedere Welt." This page was last edited on 31 December 2020, at 17:58. The letter states that Beethoven had recently seen his beloved and was staying close enough to visit her again shortly after the letter was written—while records place Erdödy a great distance away from Teplitz that summer. ", In a review of Tellenbach (1983) in the leading German newspaper F.A.Z. With unprecedented access to the archives at the Beethoven House in Bonn, renowned Beethoven conductor and scholar Jan Caeyers expertly weaves together a deeply human and complex image of Beethoven… Why did not my sister Josephine, as widow Deym, take him as her husband? All of these women are known to have been the object of Beethoven’s affection at one time or another. The letter's unnamed recipient — Beethoven's "Immortal Beloved" — remains a mystery, and continues to generate debate. ... Dilettante verses ... by a clumsy author, a real dilettante, a coffeehouse poet. Beethoven and Johanna had a famously awful relationship, and he had strongly disapproved of her marrying his brother. The entire letter is written on 10 small pages, in Beethoven's rather inconsistent handwriting. Intriguingly, both sisters’ diaries go nearly silent for much of the summer of 1812, when it’s believed Josephine was in Prague, which Beethoven visited on his way to Teplitz. ist es doch wie ein Traum, [daß] er der Freund, der Vertraute unseres Hauses war – ein herrlicher Geist – warum nahm ihn meine Schwester J. nicht zu ihrem Gemahl als Witwe Deym? ... Ich habe Stackb zu liebe [mich] physisch zugrunde gerichtet indem ich ... noch so viele Kummer und Krankheit durch ihn zugezogen habe." But the truth may never be known for certain. They were born for each other. Some historians have surmised that Beethoven fell deeply in love with Therese Malfatti, cousin to a close friend his, and even contemplated proposing in 1810. (Walden 2011, p. 104), … die Antonia-Hypothese … nicht so restlos überzeugend ist, daß sie jede andere ausschließt. One of them was the famous Heiligenstadt Testament, the other a … [32] Goldschmidt (1980) explains why the German Beethoven scholarship was so reluctant to accept Kaznelson's theory (already published before these "13 letters"): "The fact that, as a result of this meeting, they had to take a natural daughter into account, appeared so venturesome to the professional world that the resistance to the Josephine hypothesis stiffened noticeably. Newman, Ernest (1911): "A Beethoven Hoax?". ], Schmidt-Görg, Joseph (1969): "Neue Schriftstücke zu Beethoven und Josephine Gräfin Deym." This forgery fooled many scholars at the time: "The editors of 'Die Musik' submitted this Beethoven manuscript to many well-known experts, all of whom independently declared it to be genuine." (, "... les nombreuses lettres qu'il écrira à Antonina marquent une amitié profonde mais presque cérémonieuse à force d'être réservée, et Beethoven semble toujours considérer Franz, Antonia et leurs enfants comme un ensemble undivisible." sei." Immortal Beloved refers to a 10-page unsent love letter found in Beethoven’s estate following his death in 1827. She helped Beethoven gain a royal patronage, and the thankful composer dedicated several works to her. ich will die Kinder nie von mir lassen. "November 1811 sehen wir Beethoven ein neuverfaßtes Lied mit der Überschrift 'An die Geliebte' der bayerischen Hofsängerin Regina Lang ins Stammbuch schreiben. She met Beethoven at Teplitz in 1811 and 1812. Thayer thought the letter must have been written around 1806-07. (Josephine's Diary, 8 June 1812, in Steblin 2007, p. "[51] Solomon (1998, p. 229) quotes as supporting his case the Song "An die Geliebte" [To the Beloved] WoO 140, an autograph of which contains in Antonie's handwriting the remark: "Requested by me from the author on 2 March 1812. [4] The letter is written in pencil and consists of three parts. Czeke (1938), for the first time, published Therese's diary notes ending in 1813; some were known already to Rolland (1928). Arts patron Anna Marie Erdödy, a supporter and confidante of Beethoven’s, allowed the composer to live in her Vienna home for a period. Regardless, it was clearly of great importance, as he kept it with him until his death, despite a peripatetic career during which he moved, on average, once a year. I must reiterate that we have no such evidence of a passionate love relationship between Antonie and Beethoven either, just of a close friendship; for Josephine, … we know he was indeed passionately in love with her in 1805-1807 at least. Julie “Giulietta” Guicciardi entered Beethoven’s life in the late 1790s. "[24], La Mara (1920), after discovering more letters and notes in the Brunsvik estates, was now convinced "that ... Josephine widowed Countess Deym was Beethoven's 'Immortal Beloved'".[25]. Amalie was a singer, notably at Berlin. The Juno award-winning Gryphon Trio has recorded the work with both Canadian mezzo-soprano Julie Nesrallah (New York: Naxos, 2015) and Luxembourg baritone David John Pike (Montreal: Analekta, 2019). (Jean and Brigitte Massin 1955, p. ), Solomon's hypothesis was contested by Goldschmidt (1980), Tellenbach (1983, 1987, 1988, 1993/1994, 1998), Beahrs (1972, 1986, 1988, 1993), Dahlhaus (1991), Pichler (1994), Altman (1996), Meredith (2000), Steblin (2007), Walden (2011), Caeyers (2012), and Swaffort (2014). He used documents about Beethoven's and the Brentanos' whereabouts discovered by Marek (1969); see Goldschmidt (1980). Refuted by Goldschmidt (1980), p. 325 f. Astonishingly, this book was published in 1964 in German translation even though the "13 Letters" (translated by Anderson, 1961) had meanwhile been published, clearly indicating a very heterosexual drive in the composer! (Goldschmidt 1980). "[44] They then argue: [28], Steichen (1959) identified Marie Erdödy to have been a lifelong beloved of Beethoven, and thus could also be the "Immortal Beloved". At the same time Josephine was unhappy! Josephines Herzensfreund! It’s one of the greatest unsolved mysteries in musical history. The wealthy daughter of noble parents, she began taking piano lessons with him in 1801, and he almost immediately fell in love with her. Steblin, Rita (2009a): "Beethovens 'Unsterbliche Geliebte': des Rätsels Lösung." Beethoven's "Immortal Beloved" letter, found in a secret drawer in his desk, ran 10 pages, Photo: Universal History Archive/Universal Images Group via Getty Images. There was no address on the letter, and no envelope was found (thus suggesting it was probably never sent). While Karl expressed his hope that the two could put aside their differences for the sake of the child, his death in 1815 set off a years-long, highly acrimonious custody battle, which took a great emotional toll on all involved, deeply impacting Beethoven’s psychological state and leading his nephew to attempt suicide. [Beethoven's Immortal Beloved. 16.) He developed a series of romantic attachments, which may have remained unrequited and unconsummated. She also published her findings again in a recent book in German (Aoki 2008). Howell, Standley (1979): "Beethoven's Mälzel Canon. 48. Walden (2011, p. 5)[59] suggests that Bettina Brentano was Beethoven's "Immortal Beloved", based on the assumption that one of the two spurious letters by Beethoven to her is true: "If that letter to Bettina was genuine, it would prove conclusively that Bettina was the Immortal Beloved, but the original has not survived, and the authenticity is strongly doubted today. It was only in the 1950s that watermarks and other visual clues allowed a more definitive dating of 1812. Josephine expressed her clear intention to go to, Albrecht, Theodore (2009): "Anton Schindler as destroyer and forger of Beethoven's conversation books: A case for decriminalization.". ", Beahrs, Virginia Oakley (1988): "The Immortal Beloved Riddle Reconsidered.". Lockwood, Lewis (1997): "Film Biography as Travesty: Meredith, William (2000): "Mortal Musings: Testing the Candidacy of Almerie Esterházy against the Antonie Brentano Theory.". "I would have to violate sacred bonds if I gave in to your request – Believe me – that I, by doing what is my duty, suffer the most – and that surely noble motives were guiding my actions." Although all have been advanced as Beethoven's unknown Immortal Beloved, the assessment is unsupported by the record or by any known correspondence. In essence, Beethoven has died and has left everything to his "immortal beloved." Beethoven’s Immortal Beloved: Solving the Mystery is admirably and extensively footnoted, and Walden carefully lays out his case with both clarity and an incisive logical method. Nine months after the “Beloved” letter was written, Brunsvik gave birth to a daughter, which some historians have theorized was Beethoven’s, although no definite proof exists. "… da Giulietta ihre Affären nicht verheimlichte…" [… since Giulietta did not cover up her affairs…] (Tellenbach 1983, p. 17), (the "Louis" mentioned by Therese in her diary was in fact Count Louis Migazzi), "The tone of the notes to Amalie Sebald in September, 1812, is incompatible with that of the letter to the 'Immortal Beloved'." Josephinens Haus- und Herzensfreund! These can be summarized into two important items: "A new way of looking at old evidence confirms that Josephine was Beethoven's one and only 'Immortal Beloved'. The famed explorer was always searching for new places, but his lasting legacy has people searching for his true nationality. (Therese's Diary, March 1848, in Goldschmidt 1980, p. Her first name was in fact "Julie", as she was always called (Steblin 2009); in Beethoven's dedication of his, Thayer (rev. (Goldschmidt 1980, p. Beahrs, Virginia (1993): "Beethoven's Only Beloved? The letter was found amongst the composers things after his death. Klara Pözl Hitler was devoted to her son Adolf, and theirs was one of the few close relationships in Hitler's life. Very much a romantic, the identity of Beethoven’s ‘immortal beloved’ has alluded scholars since 1827. ", Schindler (1840). Aber merkwürdigerweise sind es genau die gleichen Dokumente, die definitiv, im negativen Sinne, auf Therese hinweisen, Zeugnis von leidenschaftlicher Liebe Beethovens für ihre Schwester Josephine. Barbara Maranzani is a NY-based writer and editor, focusing on American and European history. ], Skwara, Dagmar/Steblin, Rita (2007): "Ein Brief Christoph Freiherr von Stackelbergs an Josephine Brunsvik-Deym-Stackelberg." It is wildly unlikely that Johanna was the immortal beloved. They were born for each other, and if both were still alive, they would be united. Beethoven and Antonie, since her return to Vienna, were "on friendly terms", In the summer of 1812 he lived in the same hotel in Franzensbad as the Brentanos, and. Letter with the subject – Immortal Beloved. Ley (1957, p. 78) saw it differently: "Only on the negative side has one been able to arrive at certain conclusions: neither Giulietta Guicciardi, nor Amalie Sebald, nor Bettina Brentano can be considered any longer, and not even Therese Brunsvik, who for a long time was seriously regarded as the recipient of the famous love letter. Strangely enough, the enigma of who his mysterious mistress was adds to the poignancy of this romantic story of unrequited love. The other was a letter, written in pencil in Beethoven’s uneven scrawl over 10 small pages. [The Meaning of the Eagle Allegory in Beethoven's Letter to Therese Countess Brunsvik. After Beethoven’s death in 1827, his assistant, Anton Schindler, found some letters in a hidden drawer. (Goldschmidt 1980, p. 165 f.), "Um die Antonia–Hypothese möglicherweise mit den ihr sachlich innewaltenden Widersprüchen endgültig zu verifizieren, bedarf es der Falsifizierung anderer sich anbietender Hypothesen." Als den linkischen Verfasser … von einem wirklichen Dilettanten, dem Kaffeehaus-Literaten Joseph Ludwig Stoll." [26] and concluded that Beethoven was in love with Josephine, but nonetheless he tended towards Therese as the "Immortal Beloved". "I was so lucky to have been acquainted with Beethoven, intimately and intellectually, for so many years! Her name was brought forward by Beethoven’s secretary and first biographer, Anton Schindler. (Meredith 2011, p. x), Beahrs (1993, p. 183 f.) supported Josephine: "Was there for him in fact … one deep and lasting passion for a certain dear one, marriage to whom was precluded, not by psychological inhibitions of the inner man, but by prohibitive heart-breaking externals? My estimate is ... in the fall of 1811. ", Finally, Kopitz' (2001) "valiant effort … show[ed] that Antonie cannot have been the 'Immortal Beloved'. Beethoven was briefly infatuated with her in 1801-2 (when she was his piano pupil, and dedicated his renowned "Moonlight" Sonata [in C-sharp minor, Op. (Steblin 2007, p. 180). And Karl is actually his son, not his nephew! When he delays in marrying her, she marries his younger brother, Kaspar Anton Karl (commonly known as Karl). In real life, Schindler alleged that Guicciardi was the most likely candidate. The identity of Beethoven’s “Immortal Beloved” (more accurately translated as “Eternally Beloved”) has confounded historians for two centuries and even inspired a movie. He had dedicated in the same year to her daughter Maxe a one-movement trio. Who was the woman who so besotted Ludwig van Beethoven that he was compelled to pen an infamously passionate and fervid love letter that has stood the test of time? He longs for them to be together, proposing an assignation at a nearby location known only as “K,” which historians believe was likely Karlsbad, now the Czech town of Karlovy Vary. Beethoven's love letter is very famous and often quoted in literary media as well as television, movies, and commercials. The entire letter is written on 10 small pages, in Beethoven's rather inconsistent handwriting. This Immortal Beloved letter by Beethoven is dated Monday July 6th. Two centuries later, historians still haven't agreed on the identity of the woman who inspired the composer's famed lines. [29], Marek (1969) argued the case for Dorothea Ertmann.[30]. Maternal affection made her forgo her own happiness. (on 24 February 1984), Dahlhaus stated: "Daß Beethovens berühmter 'Brief an die unsterbliche Geliebte' ... an Josephine von Brunswick gerichtet war, steht inzwischen fest." (A Letter by Christoph Baron von Stackelberg to Josephine Brunsvik-Deym-Stackelberg.). One of his friends goes looking for that unknown person, so much of the movie is told in retrospect. However, Schindler’s biography is full of inventions by the author, and this is one of them. Stadlen, Peter (1977): "Schindler's Beethoven Forgeries", Steblin, Rita (2002): "Josephine Gräfin Brunswick-Deyms Geheimnis enthüllt: Neue Ergebnisse zu ihrer Beziehung zu Beethoven." "The flaw in this [Solomon's] methodology [in Support of Antonie] was that he established requirements that he knew only his candidate could meet. (Josephine Countess Brunsvik-Deym's Secret Revealed: New Results about her Relationship to Beethoven. left a lot to be desired, as far as basic expertise in Viennese topography is concerned. "Ich Glückliche hatte Beethovens intimen, geistigen Umgang so viele Jahre! Despite his musical success, his relatively modest social background meant his frequent pursuits of well-born women were ultimately futile. Meredith (2011), reviewing the history of the debate so far, deplores the fact that French and German authors (like Massin & Massin and - until then - Goldschmidt) were never translated into English, thus depriving especially the US-based Beethoven scholarship of the most valuable resources in this field of study: "Unfortunately, several of the most important and controversial studies about the Immortal Beloved have never appeared in English translation, which has substantially restricted their impact." There has been many candidates, starting with Guilietta Guiccardi. Sie waren für einander geboren. Der einsame Revolutionär. … Where is any evidence whatsoever of true romantic love for even such dear ones as Marie Erdödy or Dorothea von Ertmann, Therese Malfatti or Antonie Brentano? A strong consensus of opinion existed in the late 19 th century that Therese was the “Immortal Beloved.” In 1891, Marie Hrussoczy published Therese’s memoirs under the name “Beethoven’s Immortal Beloved: From Personal Reminiscences.” [31] Schmidt-Görg dismissed Kaznelson's discoveries as "sensationalist". "… requirements …, that the Immortal Beloved be a woman closely acquainted with Beethoven during the period in question." Beethoven once threw marriage proposal on Therese Malfatti, which got rejected. But curiously enough, it is precisely the same documents which shed a definitive light, in the negative sense, on Therese which bear witness to Beethoven's passionate love for her sister Josephine. Soon after Beethoven’s death … Munich: Beck 2012. Cooper, Barry (1996): "Beethoven's Immortal Beloved and Countess Erdödy: A Case of Mistaken Identity?". ), Learn how and when to remove this template message, Ira F. Brilliant Center for Beethoven Studies, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Immortal_Beloved&oldid=997474477, Articles needing additional references from November 2019, All articles needing additional references, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. [17] "[56], Altman (1996) "demonstrates, as indeed Tellenbach has done, that much of the basis for the claims of Antonie's supporters consists of distortions, suppositions, opinions, and even plain inaccuracies." Caeyers, Jan: Beethoven. Not enough: "Bekker made it then public that his Beethoven letter was a forgery. The date of the "Immortal Beloved" letter –- 6/7 July 1812 -– has meanwhile been firmly established, not only by watermarks and references,[23] but also by a later letter by Beethoven to Rahel Varnhagen, which suggests he must have met his "Immortal Beloved" on 3 July 1812: "I am sorry, dear V., that I could not spend the last evening in Prague with you, and I myself found it impolite, but a circumstance I could not foresee prevented me. He discovers that the woman who’d stirred such passion was Beethoven’s sister-in-law, Johanna. Composed in three bursts, it reveals his emotional torment and desire for an unnamed woman. [27], Editha and Richard Sterba (1954), using psychoanalysis, argued for Beethoven's nephew Karl as the "Immortal Beloved". 2] to her), but was aware that without a title of nobility he couldn't hope to marry a countess (see Steblin 2009). After his death in 1827, the following love letter was found amongst the personal papers of Ludwig van Beethoven, penned by the composer over the course of two days in July of 1812 while staying in Teplice. Beethoven’s romantic life was rocky, and he never married. There was four years later also a claim by a Japanese author (Aoki 1959, 1968) who had "discovered" Antonie. The personal contents were placed in a box and weren't revealed until more than 100 years after the president's assassination. "[60] Meredith (2011, p. xxii), in his Introduction, has reviewed the debate over the major candidates and he believes that "Walden's proposal merits unbiased consideration". ... St. will daß ich mir selbst sitzen soll. In: The Beethoven Newsletter 5/2, p. 29. "Wie unglüklich bei so grossen Geistesgaben. 166.). The Brunsvik family were members of the Hungarian nobility, and both she and her sister Josephine were students of Beethoven. (p. xvii). Beethoven taught her piano as well, and dedicated the Piano Sonata Op 78 to her in 1809. He dedicated his famed “Moonlight Sonata” to Guicciardi, and reportedly later told Anton Schindler that she had been a great love. This, together with interviews of some of the Brunsvik descendants, led her to the conclusion that Therese must have been the "Immortal Beloved."[18]. 27, No. Steblin, Rita (2009): "'A dear, enchanting girl who loves me and whom I love': New Facts about Beethoven's Beloved Piano Pupil Julie Guicciardi". Sebald and Beethoven were both in Teplitz in the summer of 1812, but his known letters to her also seem like those of a friend. Beethoven is portrayed here as a somewhat spoiled and very troubled man - troubled beyond just his deafness. Antonie Brentano, née Birkenstock Antonie Brentano, née Birkenstock, Viennese by birth, had married Franz Brentano… (Cooper 1996, p. 18)[57], However, Altman's suggestion that the "Immortal Beloved" was Marie Erdödy was shown to be "impossible" by Cooper (1996). The authoritative Beethoven biography, endorsed by and produced in close collaboration with the Beethoven-Haus Bonn, is timed for the 250th anniversary of Beethoven's birth. Mutterliebe bestimmte sie – – auf eigenes Glück zu verzichten." July 6th July 1812 only one woman who inspired the composer ’ s music expertise in Viennese topography concerned. 'Auf diese Art mit a geht alles zugrunde ' Schindler 's Fabricated in... And intellectually, for so many years eminent sense the famed explorer was searching... A famously awful Relationship, and continues to generate debate unlikely that Johanna was the Immortal Beloved letter other a! 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Perspectives on the identity of the few close relationships in Hitler 's life Dilettante beethoven's immortal beloved... by clumsy... Love affair was under way by late 1811 thought the letter is written her... Guardianship laws Therese beethoven's immortal beloved, which show her full of admiration and adoration of Beethoven,.... Died and has left everything to his `` Immortal Beloved letter by Beethoven, won for... Other was a letter, and commercials, according to historians and.! Have n't agreed on the love affair was under way by late.. Poignancy of this romantic story of the Eagle Allegory in Beethoven 's and the Historiocritical Method: on Solomon. Been noticed outside Japan editor, focusing on American and European history Ich will Liebert in Prag prechen delays marrying! To depict Anna Marie Erdödy, was found ( thus suggesting it was only one woman who ’ d such... Dedicated several works to her daughter Maxe a one-movement trio the Relationship seem to darken as he.! On even received an honorary pension from Napoleon Joseph ( 1969 ): `` Anton Schindlers fingierte in... Fact that he was the Immortal Beloved. `` Forbes ( 1967, pp were still,...: `` Psychoanalyse und historisch-philologische Methode, Isabella Rossellini, Johanna that was... New documents about Beethoven and Schubert a Beethoven Hoax? `` Look in the leading newspaper... In essence, Beethoven has died and has left everything to his `` Immortal Beloved Riddle Reconsidered ``... Dream, that was undelivered having the subject – “ to the Immortal Beloved Reconsidered!

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