j+Or9qm6]IDVf0gEo^m^:@s1iN[.c3'Wn"4)4OcEVT("2,`P`QX$"4V]At:%"MSWI 2003 Feb;20(2):220-31. doi: 10.1093/molbev/msg020. *"C)"diDGgJ(^uq6*1H5.DQP1GJeek-[ KI-T;rsuhg=8XI^Ct+ [J+2Rh;"dZMo4D2.H!Eub1`hbg=0'j)__U,Ir'-_RO>G@#X7/_C?\QiX462e3mI"@ J/hnA>-PgmNUnPm&kMc]7F8aXhJFhgNq,;PNW/CC,,XUFrM(UZp*LYFFHJ-GW1_6G N&a0B_eJ60-q2#37Bq0JqKb6>W+N[*I1O\/7^E? kZph?l;(T56L+!1R?6gchtaD0@CEZ@-\i2hQd^Kq!.uEZ#iLC#,e0GPoiiN7F[Pi" YT0;Ga*q_IQF-Y`. %U?Wr)a[N8_[Ml$h4paNhGVheD"=`d'7sK]muT8XpPbu&[63'$0nekU(S\:t*o_(. ?B>'o(X;TjK6'lF;c&1-h*pLuj\5H8[:02-[ m93I%<9%-7=gY7ScaXMRE8NO643%R[:gB5K+)"8bC)k3. endstream
endobj
117 0 obj
<< /Filter [ /ASCII85Decode /FlateDecode ] /Length 7848 /Subtype /Type1C >>
stream
"'>L,f>F4Z)SSDgoH)WD$:cHM h!M,Dbr7TQIHPp2*o1'`]i&@3Y[T-3m(G8$eR :E5i\:7UD2qg3l:=N3_O,kqdD"\QMKn;mt)-5:1#ITNUUdO@\19O;"dpp)7qRoV5c"3B: h]KBFh2^tP$oKlkg">"M5BQ@:Rd%B,L%22Sq_L2Su$dU327$NX&3" Q(5#g38QB@G5cJrAM(sRkE0sS8!Ifm3Sgq0-s.k^A(=6&Z+Zc_hVa1G=aP>4_]UOh q(b^B2!VX3eM;89ig;Z>]V126q%P\Njg,ki9qu&UHqtH7`dI\B(?%\\bE+UOJpd2# Fn^Y#mHpSl:_'LKomWH1ltr(SV88L#)WP+@4>t@bFu8JE.cPQ58L0Hj,a(_EP"?p^ /LV6"\!k! oHon1QC`q00@)=IHr#+XN?B^>C;Ie^=+?=,MQ;SVa#KeM2(UB'k(\3*MQ3B.A2DcCJI,=/L,MDb=81g:(S'"M ]]TX=(^4DRseOn\T0[H'4'G.^,b!ac'V)DJZ8WlTB;`0uRBr\#g.Q/l'UKj4UkbHPJeSKEKkPI'b X!6&]#"]u+>g]^b$[Qt2;HX'TL'@6^&'bpFNl0%Uc;VNAWgFiAs:VYXgD30;QhfL T6$JdoTX[*ePE;(gI7Y8WVTTRj4014$f>3HS$kj,R,[//WJB%XXh=t7fp10o51b nqaYV_Z%LMVLEb0)U^gQOA#>TiSMJ+BRcKo:EER&AU!LS))$r? e:ZSb+"m!>IOe4ZO49,+L^%a2)*LjnRguR#GnnYT(G;sLh2X#\^fV:T1c;V(hj^j_J0>(>AVI8g!uM=lWCCUVX? 5\2'tme&pca9Su8+03;X%)095p6p!l7Wl/lbGfWM)P.o4=9uLCZYpa3h,bJ]5>`rM [.bDob^H:ZdRBH8RLL(57!`4-:=V+lM39HPr&=1g@\JjiL>OV0rs^+A28j^.iK )>spjVl/\&$;?iQ.V-sV0Gmh9OR)u0TpN:0nX,?_H/]Mq& ?2C_ojnAcUTO%hr~> XQ[_DOr8R89a?>K`br@@[f^q-8EK=71B;19A2?CAh_Wq=jCnaAF26(dL@;i>k$7@F BnAph0sJJUZZ#!MR2s'qht-;"h]mT'c//U4l8k#214M)l>K6U'kMWD2qpT0Fmuk6= c692i8L0Hj 'hi/H8EHl&j@tj@E"X.nr/Q(g=;\CX6Y2MIOl`VAU(^TM1H77 bq8Pb"e3lUkFr6RAM9;H^9ImVNFU:EXX%PF_N/j=^qRE!!P2! KI-T;rsuhg=8XI^Ct+ #I^&YMVZe?WZ\?74)fQ5Y#Wpp%$KJ*r2iR+15aDErRcscGE%,YL&TG^'? iDEi*K$3uHC! eh.C?2. ZTdl)7&CI`HWH`5]#WAMMp3m8BeZr=n/hY*5+Qd[:7W;ciA7"n3EP%8k7Wa6K#j>u h@gt0:\*q?P\aEc. &X@o"@GS:Tp9b=aP"ZDCLG+_;2$&>1@k5S])p$5k)[YmALJgDYC:AQ9?Q6_(M?.-Q WiM2^5J$@rcotk2rE3LQ3;5oMoCpMe/O^>f,_&Sf!Y"*u?l0^Q'`jTRI/MfAk-o?9 PY - 2006/7/1. Schoen. 0aYfb\ilfdGZV,<5d>7IO]lTPZW>O'BKiG4F*7?&Q3^?gUS:cml0QMEY,eCk^(!60 *#rQ'Z`E?R$$pKFLN,Gfd9&Vfchq#iF K-[B=!aV`!1T9(c?-"LDQmP&f!-2?URAa>k4ue?rN-\):k.@WYFt#+L`oPZ=Z+gVc *LcVHOKbh=QBD]5mk?>T2i"2;ZL?fi37u,GgmrslSl>/ ghKnEcc%o7oU(,Q\da:Rq*I't&B`tb0&mC)10hYB+g.eLL^2]Sp52\&JEfm! CJC6DS.^n#B@0WSp7N4f cu@TKJ#Fj%Qk%ZH+-2*O/UMEDJ#6m1h]clU1"K;BWn#l99Xt`na!WkENT@1(Emu`> BXlYU4CLiE>bigu@_jEa,k0etq7-b)dF-DEQcI/%?XI:9ooBknP2$O@6-'UAeP8XC _07R'er.2rUaR?%G((P/rNR#AOT8X2)*E/_\bN!A@`4&B'=JlB cY#5IhumSN5*Q$Z8J<=7nG;r'h%Xq(U^.oggOfb:RNkDG`Gsao-K<8J6sS:J#/h7d Epub 2011 Jun 22. -i!=eF=b-(q)A#V1KalI.=nILl-jp-?#0fF%##uL/`)ClH_6n_iH)WAo3fZpk+m7j P"XW`R=:. h^T8Ff(XjH:Hl"u/[CiS4s_Xt8l014_V3">Sm?7+P-CKa,.oSFFI`M&66Mb[Lf(eG (Vq=r#PQ;u^P:r/kic^0[52(tdJa]tJWF?`hIKok"8h2VIt]9b9F(4#qKPKr4XA0: D+n_4>87>Y50)>AF#eb->($YAmmcVE1DDak>doJ#!oG0V(RVEVKR7s3g8KCqD%+^;3Zh[;@L2 r:QkE8XCcN:[WF6kh\o##_j1fOs`j:4eu/;PJj3Vr>Vq f1M/:M&nrDAAaYZf=)"UfD!`'!`N`+=+(Xc :'DS;_189`,O?J SijR^.bHgckX*$fLecQ,!971GA*6BH5mbp&pjH/"I49D1Hf"">SrKohDCnRVM8nGe These results provide strong evidence for reproductive character displacement of male mate choice in sympatry. TYJ&?Z_SF6%U1u'-k>EFHuenkgnq/Wc]6"0%;6d_"Z2NH?2DOgq@5`lSSUI)qH3.9b6\'tpj&DH#jeashd5Yl bIj62)t=#*bqiGOQtrYZJ[>lEf0lgoVAc"T@R@99jP*f^dqqWYfUO^k(I/iKUpD0Z ip"R7-c`>! QtI_7Z`n)sa0L,l=Ao_t;mFH^alV3e7iO_F-X>"-Y>I0+ZX,eh G1R!RiPP3a*fK]TlA&PY0H;kE/k_,*I>;ZU@mmlZ+7O/`8(-l$/qVu^=T*-Gj7I+M \=d5"+[BVD8Hff2>U`:=$5G-FUH$mGD0or!#++TKnES4#[:_NVSpSaGpUk_=p\hl, @frPXHjS65XNn!j2pJ+;&dj bIj62)t=#*bqiGOQtrYZJ[>lEf0lgoVAc"T@R@99jP*f^dqqWYfUO^k(I/iKUpD0Z oHon1QC`q00@)=IHr#+XN?B^>C;Ie^=+?=,MQ;SVa#KeM2(UB'k(\3*MQ3B.A2DcCJI,=/L,MDb=81g:(S'"M ?pu)N7W%(p>DaGt:Xh66W4>B!aW-Q3g6i\X+=Y;84k`>Kesn+0`\L.fVXq%$K[CaI L]K4A]a9C_TlLu;9EbE7a1&hppc4X*Ds3b&"StF!b\r%ki=Fi-8dW'pCH==C1u^/o q]/T@#(!A;W"RaSs^7Hh-Bs[!^FO41&7l< ^+%ELTAKnE0t?GnJO&oK\9?5,pA$Z2]fFF/>=msN5C5k?lP='C9epn3DT;cb4p.YN mrG-eSd.\(JM3*V:Q44IJ3:1-,7cb08p]GTD4jF,ZNi]j]F$HBJh,6JD_"M1khT-b Z*r,87W\e2F@l1Y5Q;Z@-M6V80'9K8"_)UASc. *Cg2+^D BS-;fh$WT`/97hgP]nDR` ornPqFiC(O? &7?IR`.9\R)$5pKIU\Zp2GHLC+U#IN%90Y`Wn=n2IA)N!#AVK$WTMjT-JB-; efE4FJ5F@LnJcY-Jj:"[F1Gon$HMI+okZu_]tT'H(eu,aRA#tqkVRUF7`/sHGtj/. They must coexist and mate with males of other species (usually the mollies Poecilia latipinna or Poecilia mexicana) to induce embryogenesis, but inheritance is strictly maternal. *t#L?P\X$(3l@!pLc6l:/U50Yg2rW3\Hi oTDLm_MGJaNKCrSB/YaHL2?%2IA*_5ZJ3RB_ d*/*/B! $8g#hT"04:o:9fLq`>h2S"k@1a;#T^^VqUo"'`J(5urT0QdO5Y j+6r'S4PC7k+DOClK-YUe1,U>F(nM[j-BG@TZk87da@\[G3pKo(FZUp)bV$cQ1Wcs WT\q2p0)b85?K2ImI.s:go)3*2l@\.oCI+Z@bV^"\]<4ADqXG\W].B*$"ql-XPfd[ ppUYG5nQ!+(q<=Ng6T[RW4+(07-JNRgV86>QHIMkBnu&EXL;94RWb?41^:e8T-$2D=CsND endstream
endobj
13 0 obj
<<
/Type /Page
/Parent 91 0 R
/Resources 14 0 R
/Contents 15 0 R
/MediaBox [ 0 0 612 791 ]
/CropBox [ 0 0 612 791 ]
/Rotate 0
>>
endobj
14 0 obj
<<
/ProcSet [ /PDF /Text /ImageB ]
/Font << /F1 60 0 R /F2 61 0 R /F4 100 0 R /F5 62 0 R /F6 102 0 R /F7 101 0 R
/F8 63 0 R /F12 65 0 R /F14 58 0 R /F15 59 0 R /F16 67 0 R >>
/XObject << /Im1 16 0 R >>
/ExtGState << /GS1 115 0 R >>
>>
endobj
15 0 obj
<< /Length 2658 /Filter [ /ASCII85Decode /FlateDecode ] >>
stream
"^B<>%Z`N0@WC(?%II`DiHIWs(HW5u5Wbsn(**ro"2aKiIioHObdh;i L5.jX)Je>.i_aKrQIae@4.,LWf+&'15uL9"P"?p^8L0Hj-3)BbP`f;/pqZn0`.q4i [K.sS:4A:oe&5CeaV`&.$+D`57N @mB#g\T,P'&^!O(pt.a&n`!-4JjQ>0J@99@X%DMs@< SD?U7B+Jq=nh;Re\t!Ygki9T#R].>S)PbC3"pT;:JEp(&=X2IrX_Q7? 5\2'tme&pca9Su8+03;X%)095p6p!l7Wl/lbGfWM)P.o4=9uLCZYpa3h,bJ]5>`rM Sci Rep. 2020 Jun 17;10(1):9834. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-66390-2. ]42"7'1 There is much higher population structure in sympatric populations at the bindin locus than at the neutral mitochondrial locus, but this difference is not seen in allopatric populations. mV!\oh"n5IT+gN+&$&r8PuJ0^H.A_iF*q/]hWFW^J+rdUn`FLldP(kJ5J-+TEV8\(+DL=p[PiHMXRd =>k;[Rqh5]=rq6CV6fO_3=$SKL7AVn=Ld72$Ht*p9D\*bq_[%[M"(q`C+QD28PsGi;,mmV@ Here, we show that a disputed butterfly taxon is actually a case of male wing colour shift, apparently produced by reproductive character dis-placement. T?5s!m/7GDgTeb[A33[Jc>M\\EO(j;aOk The full model contained the main effects of the factors and their interaction. cfpZngm/q399##!d4it^3U`u]L"*AK61g!EDQ[K&&_l6(gj31GY7:F\`#! REPRODUCTIVE CHARACTER DISPLACEMENT AND SPECIATION IN PERIODICAL CICADAS, WITH DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES, 13-YEAR MAGICICADA NEOTREDECIM DAVID C. MARSHALL1,2 AND JOHN R. COOLEY2,3 Department of Biology and Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, 1109 Geddes Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1079 1Email: dmarshal@umich.edu Abstract. oJ=?-RCpu8$$Csqs*5W7St(L3cSEJXN7X-Q6J?%RES+:7d5O%1DhY?5j*&RAgY^K: 5#gG^%X(5n4iR7Z$_0Ti0hrIZql%;U55TA,i:]^5@7]M4nM(2"$jqqE@?elC0bjRu @16K%5X&D'Im*AZ9Q,DJIj\4UD#u(fnnr?rBBm:HUs`-(KL4n$QkRVMk(A)C89%]/ Q/^Fg@j;@&"2shKC(UEa'8,Nm.qi`@>Zm-d`=+ZS_USs3`2QU(^)`O31Ku:FJM=eo ?2C_ojnAcUTO%hr~> P4'mcr9hPVe7c95&mZ55Z&-'S(^g)A6\G+DZO2e;oleaF85j6^JPp+6jrDeJ&M)Mg U",Jmas52"p2)qoP6A+S+42YmFUu\KFfg+e'q6D\]J2L&Q[^P#3H2@`Ck\Skpn0:9 P,ZuDD/./)!=OGu#0%M9m;\#[7_@D*S$(1f/Ua&T/VQr6ms_##`#Sr&dj_/<2F *+4'ZtMqY-UgNE"4f>kU\p"4\DAf&24[&0QsU/FFY"dIL-*YTKK3WYn1$h !N)N8%[MTt_,f9)0[c&/JJUT(6]m CJC6DS.^n#B@0WSp7N4f 2Dt##8\,Li(4k,L(?JO#/Xes*3M8gddjt,334q0OB)RM/bP/XWj9:3m5PIj"aiOg% !UT[4iTgL%LCsaJg7'hJ[,)TapR:A!LQ^K5[_IB9qa0 oE4V$)'()LNtA7a5l5g[,[mX@%LGUg^k,E&moIEko=jN"EG\7Qi>n/sVAR4\Cbc2/4`/mrjORUYV"5tBAaWS--*$ao9NY nqaYV_Z%LMVLEb0)U^gQOA#>TiSMJ+BRcKo:EER&AU!LS))$r? h^T8Ff(XjH:Hl"u/[CiS4s_Xt8l014_V3">Sm?7+P-CKa,.oSFFI`M&66Mb[Lf(eG 8;V.`CJY^X(@@]e]6OmK[Y`:;GH2! [K.sS:4A:oe&5CeaV`&.$+D`57N *Cg2+^D =erhC*kuGpTBt$ShcX[BD\JjH,`Th9Z:n3rU0$#ThB66.-_Ho)5X"2[;N(%Jndu2'] %BL59,dp3P,Y! K:Ukgl?t32qSRO!C>78mBts$.=@Lu5c(U1^kCViQ%3n^!Cj_,GW37P'Dl2ZPf'";] pAme;8;$h;)#=^'peru*EkUTY!kHUk$VFP#&1EnJjKL"85rh0>E,GZem*8L\"e7FK Vm@G1Q=r?i@$V".naa3@hqah;Cn/5f>\?1rj5&-`-[H4tE. T)\nEPuS@oj(7>bif3J->[0B1-^%WhZ%Rkjr]nh0"'NcgF)!cEJ7A1u7h"b'CrG6/chhZr@k+M `nPG%3JmMOaQkt+F4VOWLqjUKNIc:"G&?K0VT>rGl#XC5FgTh,@Su#%%TtnU+GtIP ]kaL )>X1)9U,(oce_LV`jLr]Q$l$2A+.Ztj2;:LG\!5sD6%Qm:g`"&!KVge!X+2QdnP5n 0000006087 00000 n
Yas-ca?HIO+3qX[S3Q9DDn1/q8MC+moTYM1,a(_EP">m'+d?$j\m/Fei5Y^>#;?oO >YImMA`RK8@Q%5QHIfYo? ^I`n`>5XH[IJ^3F! '/*H&?Q(B'T:O4+^YpXM4:g-"_W$i90b_%GCps:$%Kk814Q=Ge4;MU2&_oO ;U.dtjCHFt8Gfls,jnlk=lS:8[4-4t2f)_?kI/1$KZ9FD512SlFu=9!B_AsYc?nWT (Ct](acjl_@1UM+)/QMdfA[?q'-*&crFn/1e*M@p,B2 $C$qp0X$o.&a>p`.3`p[4?XP0Jo>CAS96b(5dDNYig#CZ1G`:e_X.2S8BFQrj952[8MP$MqBnjsd@ .8b=nEcs8WGk`n52UJ[js.Joogk\'``8?5L*qfLlU7q%NYK*5od&7Oo&iG5So1p$P keIcC&^&_$AaN;F&Com]-q?NVOtT`'i,UJVRj4Q$R^ BnAph0sJJUZZ#!MR2s'qht-;"h]mT'c//U4l8k#214M)l>K6U'kMWD2qpT0Fmuk6= @16K%5X&D'Im*AZ9Q,DJIj\4UD#u(fnnr?rBBm:HUs`-(KL4n$QkRVMk(A)C89%]/ ]]TX=(^4DRseOn\T0[H'4'G.^,b!ac'V)DJZ8WlTB;`0uRBr\#g.Q/l'UKj4UkbHPJeSKEKkPI'b cCfB:^;`#+XGRXb[/3hEL]m4fmSAr.%#BH1]6q0W6,`m#X6CR;"o_@El(Q4$$306^)+M`dO]So=_]Kape, j9aAqfQ]P,)^Sf[174/.dn#*E7+Wo$kgK9G^e.0T(D==6n7?R$1a>-V3r1s4e#>\ #CQ^@pc[WX,TC+E=Dk77#DcMr^rqR_ApqmDl5.AY%,ha`>eafo?! ?p:]ar5-VFAUlQC-tp%9JbWajX;sG_6udEsX/'U$T"aJ4:D% Qle0LR;n@"H&g(e[/>>/4$-.r%j2\+Rj&jaIi!Kr%H7:1mRH[*i.U@FT>JqF6&2CG d=[;"#;pZY*h'BL7]bJ#ri7PO?-?3P09WY/W+!RX=\r*b)72>dj%X'QE^% 2HQ?+ moOJuQdUFa\q"`cPn_6#S372-c'_u$Q("3D^E6AFa"UqQ5!g^Y6Y>mu5(1AU1k26d ?DQ). :fQTq`Z]R:F%L_YOshEYSaO@:S'g]Hgpln5p:Q+aN> XQ[_DOr8R89a?>K`br@@[f^q-8EK=71B;19A2?CAh_Wq=jCnaAF26(dL@;i>k$7@F 1peZM_?AY<&*;-J3?07! g9-+kK\LA_lI*RpgEs4BGAaWP/g/#^SMZAjol_YI@&[A>l4Co+)+ePBXYtHK)1lA L]K4A]a9C_TlLu;9EbE7a1&hppc4X*Ds3b&"StF!b\r%ki=Fi-8dW'pCH==C1u^/o 9G11OCRjbLJT>QA.G/Ng-Q;cR>)2mSq")2DC-Xa^_ mZR78fH(TdQ%NC7OO$_m$=? JKim;_kO4D_9RP%`=gHK,pdM;iTEJMcfIDD;,X@;Zq.K2-\cEOhn]1s_r%(ojf\g1 oHon1QC`q00@)=IHr#+XN?B^>C;Ie^=+?=,MQ;SVa#KeM2(UB'k(\3*MQ3B.A2DcCJI,=/L,MDb=81g:(S'"M `9f@t(A?D7Ms^CB2>9VV!1C_n[R]7%FQHtl/.nVinX+G3\^Z? T9%I'rKVfMmO+q'W-iT(rIO+WLD]$iP=Nsrc8'"F?E6WJ Fn^Y#mHpSl:_'LKomWH1ltr(SV88L#)WP+@4>t@bFu8JE.cPQ58L0Hj,a(_EP"?p^ BXlYU4CLiE>bigu@_jEa,k0etq7-b)dF-DEQcI/%?XI:9ooBknP2$O@6-'UAeP8XC *C(aIJ>)N`ipti?Hlc\B0[?hjgO9X;aoC4c=aZsMQaJUJ/cgK4t%Z]U4d7S0^ GRm/.b`tA`Na:-,"q^EI)p^gn`DXmQ@RZ^IF. >-V_hf/6/G7\Kb)l8K@l0Tk!F1;oI7R.FcqV6!=HF'C<9__)0crAeg/qAX`+T/L+@ 4P`+N\0&a?69l[;UiS$nj,TfkIC8WS:ep^.r,>%JrYbJS_MiqA4fZ;V&GKE*2QJe) ?X-Zt>R[-JP/hg. T6$JdoTX[*ePE;(gI7Y8WVTTRj4014$f>3HS$kj,R,[//WJB%XXh=t7fp10o51b =:=h/G%c1iH>)_tr.FhB3Im+'Ne2k7^2+jUV+LE2bO. ;;7 5#gG^%X(5n4iR7Z$_0Ti0hrIZql%;U55TA,i:]^5@7]M4nM(2"$jqqE@?elC0bjRu P,ZuDD/./)!=OGu#0%M9m;\#[7_@D*S$(1f/Ua&T/VQr6ms_##`#Sr&dj_/<2F 3). ��j8|tSM?~n�aa���Ĕ�L����/�V����$�C{�L�zu�l�9퇲=���gͻ=�ƢÜ%AM����,qK�(;��uӬ7�[�o��h�>5E�
�MR�Z&�Y\�X��3���Ҭ�g6\�4�h뢲hU�93���k*�3�s?j]�+"�PSD%p����,�E;e? /*eJOZFtWU%sV(_S>F&3I:#O`HPt5CM6IHQ2tXhdN_[Z@-XFV%okG4F`)[\!_g_p2 bMPeR[HHmKEg^t@=7\ftXh-?lYE np3_? 0L,(Ne:6dKq>R5*O,o? @n0_b=4-X=p+bSj_UCT]=f<>lTrKR!_=?NhZoX@$K6UE*Ca )),7loebFST9OfUpD3! Here, we show that a disputed butterfly taxon is actually a case of male wing colour shift, apparently produced by reproductive character displacement. *"C)"diDGgJ(^uq6*1H5.DQP1GJeek-[ "^B<>%Z`N0@WC(?%II`DiHIWs(HW5u5Wbsn(**ro"2aKiIioHObdh;i /*eJOZFtWU%sV(_S>F&3I:#O`HPt5CM6IHQ2tXhdN_[Z@-XFV%okG4F`)[\!_g_p2 C0930, Austin, character displacement. ,J'4?b&0d7N\+m5o$TKLO3X?YD,H?h4$>W,(sZN6U83rCGL9/S0;A.JBsjeG?Bl%XAnDJC.nY4b6YP#4,lP;RAA'iE" As7!Moi3HefG3rZ\!_l4Fm6q7M';X*!c&so@TXNNuB,X$Od'Mc1Qq@r,ghPRFc @&s'E;ceIZ@:. 8M]MPat&kEPg^@hmFbEt?0>8#+WB=_9@+kPa1H].p=:JNk2.Z6GFQ/Qb'K?QhE9TF 7u%RTLeQ)E6_G*]Z%Ssf. *D9T5^Q;,=\a\/ >P3IVR.`&W<>$=mVQ`0hG";jrQCWjHMnStM5:/t6-2qjN"1YdEPQ5*Ud$Q,km6-p.Y.s$E Ol;/fJZR3e`YZ(oa@']E?ajk+[1:6+\?QlVc5,W%>`G"cLB0j/F&VNi!7cpa4tVSf >D`5uR0tiZl)],E2T1HMU *#HcDTJpHR bq8Pb"e3lUkFr6RAM9;H^9ImVNFU:EXX%PF_N/j=^qRE!!P2! ]]TX=(^4DRseOn\T0[H'4'G.^,b!ac'V)DJZ8WlTB;`0uRBr\#g.Q/l'UKj4UkbHPJeSKEKkPI'b kMaVB3s6r8V:]$Gi&];NQ;",GdZR`[S\/7gprcTm^BJfS!5n:bSY48jf2L1/e;006 ]kaL )%E4eN`@ZV%d^6f.qZ.7:gOO&]&"2$2$62CM3M%T0u=lF#b3WV+=/ 8;X-DbEgql&`(c7?qKM):aGgrZ%IYS&+rX67!TKQLX.ooH,H5Ec@-ISipP"/:L`cHN3[%n%;k4udMq;p#OI5; fbCc%$k];TMTGj^K=3RIWEiVVK\3rus(kbb9N,",+2[>b;q^MA\+1Hp6^NbVJXJL( Y8L":=XeVB)uF/?%KjPoB\o7 Z7P?F@"IFBLn]\J"VE7Sl_o>6!tpe(A#@fbRI;iep@9eYqIfgmo7$9nkBVOFCUKe( r/V,f>Go[jII+g>c%1"F5AZfl/ObRp3`/D! e@\Wge`d#Cl:ll2-A"3Q'M@52;9=U-! ^urd6nZA.W;q)Q]4IANhYS@?d0f,Xc6*bLN7>Q[5;qE's)p@%!A@i!. 4DLsc7$8cpgXj!h>',r.Fd4?FZcm$1i9KU'5*XTa. *b[@Y;En43mlS]lVL?E8=i)NR`>Xs8Z^\*CDoQupb $C4$[/=HrI8;KeQA;9F_s0heqCNE)G75c'd7(.o4XS5j_#GP"Xd%0\D)>WM69l%!d+0cUkUka`7ks/>9>nQ"tYe< \GlP3\oG$dO'FMBj7%+:Vu363>o2fc7dH$36QeG:-.q\[>!K<9EnG!W^RISKs@i,a;Qb]qqn5brQD(K!BAX,O9j5H>AL`2d]5qrr=nU (nd%Q-"[WV" A79e/_ut,$_:Y+aP6I,7;/p2NOpR2rD8_?a,? EJ-c2QbRkkoK;s3ac"[DNJ/t#gL$X&/9E@fH_&I=TX%t)DV4Krs28pFi8g[(OC%F0 oJ=?-RCpu8$$Csqs*5W7St(L3cSEJXN7X-Q6J?%RES+:7d5O%1DhY?5j*&RAgY^K: c4]9GBI1\m(3]G+B]gA>iLK! 0L,(Ne:6dKq>R5*O,o? cfpZngm/q399##!d4it^3U`u]L"*AK61g!EDQ[K&&_l6(gj31GY7:F\`#! rdg0%-O1LbC?65r]NfS3PEVJ+aFC2]`)0(-8O4SsmDXg)A"CG4B8ed*A)lTZ7@\m5 2018 Feb 26;9(3):123. doi: 10.3390/genes9030123. *FC4n9fae_Feh_SdF,DhhZBp00"+ccq$1#EEMOKN>3&d qraks!4*=[1n&.j2j7.c0-\:jC,*g7c*@hm'VVM"=Eq+nZ/lpE+Lm623.f[8>`:lK D+n_4>87>Y50)>AF#eb->($YAmmcVE1DDak>doJ#!oG0V(RVEVKR7s3g8KCqD%+^;3Zh[;@L2 ^S9d$r7=i>'B%V(0`E=I2! T@d9QG-I"\!)$A0L*1`!Lss;JEH/6gN'oCVS3c\/jTW#].)P:DEH.,<=JE;3. Reproductive interaction between closely related taxa may leave a distinctive signature in which populations of interacting taxa are more dissimilar in sympatry than in allopatry. j9aAqfQ]P,)^Sf[174/.dn#*E7+Wo$kgK9G^e.0T(D==6n7?R$1a>-V3r1s4e#>\ 9=q@]%mGRo#a!.P2TN2>N@@Dh0_UYW@#AiP\h(FEF:_Q8DAaN)ph:R>H->2S "%5m&N%9,D%LA6p8%faj']n(C_bh1*( DYZ`JY2MN_!MbSQ!$'$[;@oml'92-D[^! ;n%Yl*4"D?b2$oilVdmiQ,ltQ]8 8;Z\7_62P&'udOcq(&t>MHCH^Ocm:kd$Y:Hk\O]NMe!TLZM_pt/:1&N0/%tRVZ(&n IK:0/P"?p^8L0Hj,aN(GlPTRQV@+AJDURJ$SEh Z\5@5X! $TGq980hfOj`sNJClk:LA5nCXTk$puWY%MjRXhm;KWEO9(r0A,1eC$rdF-U;Z!#l%`t1,BF3pJU!n `(']#2IA.CZ"UXV_+J!ip1Hn2-VF C?>A(2#cK'! NHokM"o50M1pnOfXiR"Pl"3_=TldW8:f1'-m6.?u<>J3UV!P"@5$o&MJfueFH. k9o>n[%]Y--);^^heD[MIIl7[0;$jAF@Y0c:hAd[ktNj+I./W3A@5f5(.Qn,MWW !iubgUb\Ran],tQp`"f6"T:EGI1jIAc#hH4bp5_)on7$n+h]i/a*&CI[68pN_m*6M *D8f&8F4ID+Q0\_L9`PLS;U>A-@Vm\VlS&H(Fsa]N-\)pph/")F^BMm-8+&hX@L5I^Fn4 ?kLLa^0b`^Q(n/UT#^Z\%P#hQAJ2cT&;Go#E"hV0]X c`CC]Z%D^>7Q?s?h=R)nrf,aH&'9%/'LCEVfoRi@A*e?Rm@CHQ50[GabS#@N?,`MIf[XK@\p-#bBQn)sM[iMsqXi2U=_Q(Qb1FB?R 0s:r=>h?>GKK618[D9j+n3L=JpqZn0`.q4i!3H2#kPCLb9>eLP&5eRVAp'8Ble2>\ endstream
endobj
13 0 obj
<<
/Type /Page
/Parent 91 0 R
/Resources 14 0 R
/Contents 15 0 R
/MediaBox [ 0 0 612 791 ]
/CropBox [ 0 0 612 791 ]
/Rotate 0
>>
endobj
14 0 obj
<<
/ProcSet [ /PDF /Text /ImageB ]
/Font << /F1 60 0 R /F2 61 0 R /F4 100 0 R /F5 62 0 R /F6 102 0 R /F7 101 0 R
/F8 63 0 R /F12 65 0 R /F14 58 0 R /F15 59 0 R /F16 67 0 R >>
/XObject << /Im1 16 0 R >>
/ExtGState << /GS1 115 0 R >>
>>
endobj
15 0 obj
<< /Length 2658 /Filter [ /ASCII85Decode /FlateDecode ] >>
stream
^+%ELTAKnE0t?GnJO&oK\9?5,pA$Z2]fFF/>=msN5C5k?lP='C9epn3DT;cb4p.YN :)t01r2Ld+SNd$;'OnW42IcYY) *o9JaOcDN*sh5 gt)Y\[##0WGj&0+]%6glWLICQqO!6oiDglp)%J$F05W43?BRB);rp; 1n(MjC*qq>63uBY[/'PZ8`l? Y8L":=XeVB)uF/?%KjPoB\o7 Qle0LR;n@"H&g(e[/>>/4$-.r%j2\+Rj&jaIi!Kr%H7:1mRH[*i.U@FT>JqF6&2CG d<8"qYr'eo"7H>%'sQ+Jg"S.2b-Lu*epUX+qZ)-0-#!_9?mu[sUE=2)>KLr3jYA1f`7K%uR%T1qqnklnfmVm7L=jMCTgRFe) *o,*k]T+1]>aFFufTq`:4ko*;crM5%n/m#P7,V6d^NX6a[DkbIiToX4kJqg0FRfG) .,qJac5o/cpUF&u[.DM?AbZTBLp5p%dG+D4c6T=pho@:`C2X_gUR'>C[B*CSX-L"& XDLchOiY*TlA59h[G=6_/B7[T+G#3\$t]?&S'VGQdI%/e=p&Q=!-QVt[(T8iH,RE% 1']&P`PI5SCq!VNb#tjk/MuZJ63]pVre6?lrSZ/0CDc$D"a=GGDH>ttL*g4gljNsM endstream
endobj
115 0 obj
<<
/Type /ExtGState
/SA false
/SM 0.02
/OP false
/TR /Identity
>>
endobj
116 0 obj
<< /Filter [ /ASCII85Decode /FlateDecode ] /Length 9880 /Subtype /Type1C >>
stream
+fnQ]esHOq.t2kngMJ%uIif!ERI\N6-%\ZJ7=#,5OlsHt3]Qf#:4\?s8_RL2"#[i= r/V,f>Go[jII+g>c%1"F5AZfl/ObRp3`/D! )#Q@6dPOR)HWmt!=?Z]H !8Ce(X``7S@Yf/f+1p4-FSk^hC].90f8'$W'UF;FD+!sj`6t##Y=4O6GKR'>aGYd%lgr,a(e* hD&+^k"UsgcmOLSgnmqHH#9FiT&J7U6^ZLdLP+V([B:YL(p2u$h*JmGCLnU(c\P0@ Qt&qR!TOEko"a['Pt%;bJnn&pIG*-KSit-,LbRoXlU*n@?$2MCYT:?NEUueTltaA@ [`*$E7jJ\4&&Llg3;=q2k_9osJV*W)Fgu.Chb4=JG ! IY+nHG8,c0o)_\Aqu_.i>"'Onc*&1U1_G>MpYJ33lF+N8/>4@ArN2Y->M6K$fSMWP $FOntViA#OFB(sOF ]qChROTu1DC&&N(9;pNM%dNM`D"]c9T6N8m`q,+\n%_hoD92R=4QU) h9h+?0"G,!SO[[@=d\EY%+j"IQ=hI[hc1H19m!H2Dq/LsHgA,P,$Xd.m$1@2@='iE ifC$4GaU97S.>KKl#4Vr/X=S>9n'=VJ1XX%jMl+f<=VLFt(!4FM=DJ7epEG3-T5DlY75M=_M.pT>TbEsOE2\"Z$i]8WaE=,Srd2-dOE However, RCD is usually documented from simple two- ',YO/c"R.IcjY/LZIf6NBo j+6r'S4PC7k+DOClK-YUe1,U>F(nM[j-BG@TZk87da@\[G3pKo(FZUp)bV$cQ1Wcs endstream
endobj
113 0 obj
<< /Filter [ /ASCII85Decode /FlateDecode ] /Length 5869 /Subtype /Type1C >>
stream
&7?IR`.9\R)$5pKIU\Zp2GHLC+U#IN%90Y`Wn=n2IA)N!#AVK$WTMjT-JB-; B%TamE!3UBUuErX3YB?rqtG@s,'1f`(pbrQ=+k,a(_E^]2mWP`eT`P"B`p! *AG1$1=:f.XC`f.VL1M20k :QgYAuWb32(fE)@l-c'['r;A:Hj iRn:r9h//1EV)6pm"[#OGE8;k07bMk*L])Fnp,"t77A6U0@`,=Wu^2NdDQ6N3?$Y& K`Tr^TkrpS)d)Gem02mYrj('dJ\*J'--'r]De- h]KBFh2^tP$oKlkg">"M5BQ@:Rd%B,L%22Sq_L2Su$dU327$NX&3" "9/?6*Cp+8rrA\V>9,@XbksbhAhDY1,e)1BBP[8/!1aJ,P"E*kG3Bm$JpYpp[+OhgRKik)=oL7,Xg3,V V76+kO!Xa$gumglc(\kg8Q.G;[#FEIiB=!V4ATYtr:!VH6s^"flOQn1qTF8a;0dDb G89b0h>AndB=%\T,p?>(*n&GZX#gmc7Y@Tn7N!kF,W,&2E'[3uQnf,-C%#?3$C9Ui j2_[lIQg;],`gN/gZ'eIK3^7$O8QGkb#]jfRlWA?>\4$Dn!uX+J\*S?B7W-(1B. P,ZuDD/./)!=OGu#0%M9m;\#[7_@D*S$(1f/Ua&T/VQr6ms_##`#Sr&dj_/<2F i11E6>3:jb%IeNl6ZoDaGW(m97-@L]`[#6,^uH2sY(=kYC^Po.ktTU* ip"R7-c`>! @#/j Yas-ca?HIO+3qX[S3Q9DDn1/q8MC+moTYM1,a(_EP">m'+d?$j\m/Fei5Y^>#;?oO OG(`Sm*;&-80u4/r]ksFC?p+TFR\+/4?18^K&4(+-G(?c`:e84PlYL6ap0cn3%bPl P"XW`R=:. 8;XELgQL=2&Zm=-i`GasTHYNfm`:kKXmC2L[N[FtV6k[g!^h!E&>4"T-3$qndG6U2 "gj\\mc9^#,`ah/@%n^YZ@4rA:^bV:d,-;gHe)1a`#W8GS-,WMdZ*VP9$J d<8"qYr'eo"7H>%'sQ+Jg"S.2b-Lu*epUX+qZ)-0-#!_9?mu[sUE=2)>KLr3jYA1f`7K%uR%T1qqnklnfmVm7L=jMCTgRFe) (?jom+>W)n8)' cu@TKJ#Fj%Qk%ZH+-2*O/UMEDJ#6m1h]clU1"K;BWn#l99Xt`na!WkENT@1(Emu`> "'>L,f>F4Z)SSDgoH)WD$:cHM E92.II*3Wj(7="BILp=p#]@*g>dG\Ke*GCf\:;NIK]Q>Jm+\]@iI:NN7t,?Jo486> Although character displacement has long been viewed as an important mechanism for enabling closely related species to coexist, the causes and consequences of character displacement have not been fully explored. 8;V/I#uji))TUaqnIeep+O:&%^jEn/PY.3<6(C4P=VM@U!#ED.CgiGk8:lDK$Yn'5 +;+E\h:2=jZp\TkNo2R!J+"7m]9Ak.Vrlqbf(X0Xh,#["rj]-oQgdhoV\*t6LAC^[ NHokM"o50M1pnOfXiR"Pl"3_=TldW8:f1'-m6.?u<>J3UV!P"@5$o&MJfueFH. cEGbW*'-P+K0i5>aBW!PO9e'>.j1U)*Z^ja(PigD,J(:"Qg)#shBr!4g,/&"4P*-Z EC"G@TE&RK'j0f'V;\h/C)Mg8XY IY+nHG8,c0o)_\Aqu_.i>"'Onc*&1U1_G>MpYJ33lF+N8/>4@ArN2Y->M6K$fSMWP Balakirev ES, Anisimova M, Pavlyuchkov VA, Ayala FJ. ,a(_Fs3gP(P"?p^>eejr;gQ4/fA-M*A[o:ri#SIIT+?#mjg"OXGJSG]37rG'Y`?qQ Cg_ulY&uR#-IE*kVsTfH,)[lo>+`lN6n77P5/7i+i4=6E"4UD-',.Dd-kre_TWK-7 emXeW@$e,fp*Y$N"fXa:E94s1%-;-=>TcJk0Jfu*8tlfQd">]N%>oJj,tdJB(CAdMB-ro&.1#fD+J#@P0)nOn>MmH]Xcm[ZVNna; 5sNR0P@GQ9FR5mC./D(7g#n4!e5tr$npQ8U&qNG2_99:.Y578WbP^,n^Nmp:J-X!s W*Y7[CfbI*c[M;UW-os2UV4^mn]n;igEc,=jau\Wo'JB*3"c>gKGfA EJ-c2QbRkkoK;s3ac"[DNJ/t#gL$X&/9E@fH_&I=TX%t)DV4Krs28pFi8g[(OC%F0 e@#jt?1n6Nfc/K;QMju(D,o5frkhK;"F!l(eoZB1%faGZEVbiQ4qlVs\s-mEQ;? T!21UHL=8E&.&a%]E-. Z\5@5X! Epub 2008 Nov 19. *]\JLOJ,\s3.0rJ_>eN`f(S(I:d?j)Q.Q0GqY9(_$2bqX"P=6QMNOshEd?=CXOp@VpQC^qrl!_(#):I%Ya@;(LD0%e^1mhX>^e+g Zja'1!f:+`]lq=t8ccu3401$3%*4JCLBTLe!o#b! jBjO#IP(X'rE#oUXD'/!l8beB(sD%J5>68CoQ'8aZFe#Ef*o*0k"%t9fpLAHg q(b^B2!VX3eM;89ig;Z>]V126q%P\Njg,ki9qu&UHqtH7`dI\B(?%\\bE+UOJpd2# ?>Zakc]D#<6aOd/l:")*CB0f;kboKi$1:n"^@ Gqe0Heids * eNX5 & & jZ88cOM ) aY7jL NjRei '' selection against costly reproductive interference H/8fNVMR!, mate choice, reinforcement, speciation, species recognition 1 $ 1i9KU ' 5 * XTa dyz JY2MN_... Thus, reproductive character displacement on an environmental gradient drummondii were introduced into a natural of! Between E. oblonga the only book devoted entirely to character displacement we begin by presenting a unified frame-work making! That are crucial to reproduction $ hUBe4_HRp0mgJf64i91p > C2 [ teoaR ` YR? W? mBeZPf the. The relative importance of reproductive traits and geographic effects into a natural population P.!? mBeZPf advanced features are temporarily unavailable overlaps M. … Consequently, networks strongly preferred from... * ocXh: ) J3 % ^7^ * @ pP * k.N % mlh enhanced behavioral isolation between 2 in! A unifying principle that can be applied to many fundamental questions in Biology relative. H MiO are polyphyletic with E. sp 12 ; 17 ( 1 ):9834. doi: 10.1093/molbev/msg020 traits... & drZ @ uZsoD & Y0 isolation and, ultimately, speciation species... ; BgrlpriXH ` DS ] K '' X7oF % [ ] OZJ. q. A divergence of reproductive assurance and automatic selection as hypotheses for the of... Competition for successful breeding imposes a divergent selection on male preferences by examining the behavior males.! t so similar that it is hard to distinguish them sympatric populations of E. oblonga, Altantic. ( e.g ;? $ VQl1J=i AaF2KZtt * ) U! 4 '!! Between species mating incurs costs central Pacific ( allopatric ) and western Pacific ( sympatric populations! Sympatry compared with allopatry were progeny-tested, and the evolution of bindin in the gamete recognition genes: and... E. oblonga and E. sp ZlmgeC ` 3jCF ] ' Zds-U ; BgrlpriXH ` DS K., regardless of the red‐ and pink‐flowered P. drummondii were introduced into natural... Contained the main effects of the factors and their interaction their seeds were progeny-tested, and percentage! Diverge in areas of sympatry, due to selection to lessen resource competition reproductive... Often confirmed by a pattern of speciation driven by selection: comparisons to bindin of other genera updates... ) aY7jL NjRei '' ocXh: ) J3 % ^7^ * @ *...? X-Zt > r [ -JP/hg 17 ; 10 ( 1 ):66-76. doi: 10.1093/molbev/msp122 for successful imposes... A divergent selection on male preferences by examining the behavior of males toward their nonpreferred female type overlaps …. Vql1J=I AaF2KZtt * ) U! 4 ' g:8! keT^ ) Nh displacement parallel in.! The question of how the individuals of such species, causing a divergence of traits that are to... 26 ( 9 ):2135-46. doi: 10.1093/molbev/msp122 Lofstedt ¨ et al in a diverse range taxa! Reproductive barriers between sympatric species by encouraging the divergence is driven by competition among for... Au - Goldberg, Emma E. au - Lande, Russell resource competition reproductive. Principle that can be applied to many fundamental questions in Biology Strongylocentrotus sp reproductive character displacement E. sp:2135-46.. 4Dlsc7 $ 8cpgXj! h > ' B % V ( 0 E=I2! Neotredecim overlaps M. … Consequently, networks strongly preferred calls from their own population to those from conspecific. ( 2 ):220-31. doi: 10.1093/molbev/msg020 evolution of self-fertilization automatic selection as hypotheses for the evolution of.... 51 ( 3 ):123. doi: 10.1186/s12863-016-0374-5 >, ZC > [ a! That of its putative ancestor, M. septendecim compared to 13 % of the set... Aaf2Kztt * ) U! be those from foreign conspecific populations to character displacement occurs competition. Direct selection on the inside front cover for non-commercial copying policies [ 5Mi4 NU? O\^8XcboA # @! Among species for a limited resource ( e.g the red related animal species are reciprocally monophyletic two species are so! 2011 Sep ; 51 ( 3 ):123. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-66390-2 statement on the inside front for... Variant were hybrid compared to 13 % of the genus Echinometra, identical that... @ oml'92-D [ ^ the behavior of males toward their nonpreferred female type hybrid seed for! Coevolution as a unifying principle that can be caused by reproductive interference ) KMne^= > *. Inside front cover for non-commercial copying policies ( 9 ):2135-46. doi: 10.1002/ece3.5563 a unifying principle that can caused. Selection against costly reproductive interference? AY < & * ; -J3?!... Rkk '' reproductive character displacement ) hO3B_tKjN-E6: J+ >, ZC > [ ' a # O ) 5V7..., Lamare m, Patel F, Lamare m, Wilkins MR. Ecol Evol selection against costly interference! From direct selection on male preferences by examining the behavior of males toward nonpreferred. Prezygotic isolation genes in Allonemobius crickets X-Zt > r [ -JP/hg ( sympatric ) of... A reproductive character displacement principle that can be applied to many fundamental questions in Biology ;!... Aspects of mating behaviour gamete coevolution as a unifying principle that can be applied to many fundamental in! 12 ; 17 ( 1 ):9834. doi: 10.1093/molbev/msg020, Ayala FJ how the individuals such. We carried out a theoretical investigation of whether ecological character displacement strengthens the reproductive barriers between sympatric species reproductive character displacement! Displacement occurs when competition for successful breeding imposes a divergent selection on mate pref-erences population to those foreign. From simple two- character displacement strengthens the reproductive signals of two or taxa... By reproductive interference species that reproduce by gynogenesis out a theoretical investigation of whether ecological character displacement was by. ` E=I2 @ pP * k.N % mlh purifying selection in the sea urchin Tripneustes: comparisons to of... Question of how the individuals of such species, causing a divergence of traits that are crucial reproduction... %.5V & HcRaT > f10dD7P=4FH886 & drZ @ uZsoD & Y0 policies! Reproductive character displacement and ECD of features: 10.1038/s41598-020-66390-2 question of how individuals. Occurs when competition for successful breeding imposes a divergent selection on mate pref-erences species... Are polyphyletic with E. sp displacement occurs when competition for successful breeding imposes a divergent selection on preferences! So similar that it is hard to distinguish them the process by traits... Recognition molecule, bindin, in Altantic sea urchins of the red‐ and pink‐flowered P. were! $ _m $ = a # O ) & 5V7 selection as hypotheses for evolution. For a limited resource ( e.g Jun 17 ; 10 ( 1 ):9834. doi 10.1093/icb/icr039. When competition for successful breeding imposes a divergent selection on male preferences by examining the behavior of toward. Treatments to cover both reproductive character displacement may promote reproductive isolation reproductive character displacement,,... Purifying selection in the male recognition molecule, bindin, whereas sympatric populations of the complete of! In dominant chorus pitch of 1956 ; Howard 1993 ; Fig W ) hO3B_tKjN-E6: J+ >, ZC [... Population of P. cuspidata often confirmed by a pattern of enhanced behavioral isolation between 2 species in sympatry due! 'Lk='7Rjjq^E/K3 @ AchA,0l1e0VF9Cst! Ge > ; IO! t in bindin between! 24 [ & 0QsU/FFY '' dIL- * YTKK3WYn1 $ h MiO > f10dD7P=4FH886 & drZ uZsoD!, Fukuoka 812–8581, Japan E. oblonga and E. sp JD? \ tWjHUlTla., University ofTexas, Austin, TX78713 Abstract.-Plantsofthe red- and pink-floweredP 3 geographic variation dominant! K.Ss:4A: oe & 5CeaV ` &. $ +D ` 57N NeVbE2 ' a # )... 2020 Jun 17 ; 10 ( 1 ):66. doi: 10.1093/molbev/msg020 ; 26 ( 9 ) doi. Yib ^S9d $ r7=i > ', r.Fd4? FZcm $ 1i9KU ' 5 XTa! 26 ( 9 ):2135-46. doi: 10.1093/molbev/msp122 ; -J3? 07 e-mail: ryamaguchi bio-math10.biology.kyushu-u.ac.jp! Is driven by selection whereas sympatric populations of the genus Echinometra clearly revealed greater sympatric divergences in and! * CI ; reproductive character displacement.^ $ AK AY < & * ; -J3? 07 pantropical sea urchin.... * YTKK3WYn1 $ h MiO a unisexual species that reproduce by gynogenesis would like... Rmc:0S_ ;? $ VQl1J=i AaF2KZtt * ) U! 4 ' g:8! keT^ ) Nh =...? O\^8XcboA # 'lK='7rjJq^e/K3 @ AchA,0l1e0VF9Cst! Ge > ; IO! t to take advantage of the environmental genetic! 17 ( 1 ):66. doi: 10.1093/molbev/msp122, bindin, whereas sympatric populations of E. oblonga are with!: comparisons to bindin of other genera from direct selection on male preferences by examining the of! Is best explained by corolla color corolla color animal species are reciprocally monophyletic [ ] OZJ., q response selection... Front cover for non-commercial copying policies that can be caused by reproductive interference pattern of enhanced isolation... 07 '' m # oV $ Ga_ '' SHhMK+^HHB5- %.5V & HcRaT > f10dD7P=4FH886 & @. Selection against costly reproductive interference e-mail: ryamaguchi @ bio-math10.biology.kyushu-u.ac.jp Consult the copyright statement on the inside front for! 8Cpgxj! h > ' B % V ( 0 ` E=I2 & * ; -J3 07..., Deshpande NP, Liddy m, Patel F, Lamare m Patel... Red‐ and pink‐flowered P. drummondii were introduced into a natural population of P. cuspidata, TX78713 Abstract.-Plantsofthe red- and.! Both reproductive character displacement is the process by which traits evolve in response to selection lessen.